You can't use the filemaster to replace tournaments, the tournaments structure are in the fifa.db, along with all the database such leagues, teams, numbers and so on.
You can use CM10 to open a clean fifa, and export tournaments in a .cmp format, importing them later to the damaged fifa 10, replacing broken ones.
But, in order to fifa works, you must find first what causes that fifa dumps you in order to correct that mistake, working blindfold means a lot of work and no sure chance of success.
Better uninstall, delete fifa 10 folder, install again, and start importing one by one, taking care of not overwritting team/leagues/players already present in the game if its not the goal. So the order to work with major patches is, backup, import, check if works, backup again, keep importing and so on.